Despite the Fukushima disaster, Alexander Downer has come out in support of Australia storing the world’s nuclear waste. Sandi Keane looks at the secret plans developed by John Howard and George W. Bush to turn Australia into the world’s radioactive waste dump, with healthy profits for all. Is this how Tony Abbott plans to pay for “direct action”on climate change?

Is the Fukushima nuclear fallout heading for Australia?  Yes, if Alexander Downer and the Liberal Party have anything to do with it. But, relax, dear reader. I’m not talking about some large, menacing radioactive cloud lighting up our northern skies. No, I’m alerting you to another kind of nuclear fallout threat from Fukushima: the urgent need to find a place to store the world’s deadly waste.

Fukushima’s reactors were inside thick containment walls but the waste, or to use nuclear spin, spent fuel rods, were out in the open.  Two of the three ponds lost their roofs in explosions, exposing the spent fuel pools to the atmosphere, eventually catching fire and spreading the radiation. Unfortunately, this is the practice followed by many countries around the world.  There is simply no safe place to store the waste so it is often stored in cooling ponds at the reactor site.

This is the grim reality of the nuclear experiment. Forty years ago, when the first reactors were built, it was naively assumed that a solution would eventually be found to store or recycle the waste safely.  For 3 million years?  Might this not transcend the scale of man’s experience?   In hindsight it was a fatal mistake.  We now know that the frequency of earthquakes is increasing due to global warming as is extreme weather.  There will be more Fukushimas.  Our World Heritage listed national park, Kakadu, is also now threatened with radiation from the Ranger mine due to heavy rain.  So we can’t even mine the stuff safely any more.

Antinuclear fear in the aftermath of Fukushima is consuming the global psyche with public demonstrations in Japan, Germany and France.   The world may be “over” nuclear, but the legacy of the toxic waste will last for millions of years. Generations to come will wonder at the greed and stupidity of their forebears.  Build it, make the money and run is the credo of our generation.  Leave the problems to future generations who will foot the bill – if they and the planet survive.

So, whilst support for building new nuclear reactors has evaporated, there are a lot of angry citizens around the world demanding their governments get rid of the nightmare waste!  This is where Australia comes in.  And, believe me, we should start getting worried as we will certainly get dragged into the nightmare if the Liberal Party has anything to do with it.  We nearly became a global nuclear waste dump in 2007 but for the Coalition’s failure to win the election. Former Prime Minister Howard’s nuclear ambitions (detailed later) passed beneath the radar at the time, other than for those of us on the environmental wavelength.  Alexander Downer blatantly denied that Australia was considering taking the world’s waste in 2007, as did our then Prime Minister. So there was no debate. But when you joined the dots, the denials gave lie to the facts. Now Alexander Downer has changed his tune, reigniting the nuclear debate. In the Australian last week, he contradicts his claims in 2007 when he said Australia would not accept nuclear waste from overseas.  Now he tells us it would have

“enormous economic benefits”.

So, there you have it:  the fall-out for Australia from the nuclear disaster in Japan is that the Liberals want to dust off John Howard’s grand money-making fantasy to turn Australia into a global nuclear waste dump.

The growing stockpile of world nuclear waste, GNEP and the “empty continent”

It is no exaggeration that the waste problem has reached crisis proportions and is the most formidable problem facing the nuclear power industry today.  After 40 years, the nuclear industry is facing defeat.  According to a report from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, it will take 3 million years for radioactive waste stored in the United States as of 1983 to decay to background levels. In 1987, the US chose the Yucca Mountains as a site for a deep, geological repository. Although the location was highly contested by environmentalists and local residents, it was passed by Congress in 2002.  However, after assessing the difficulties of the site, funding was terminated effective with the 2011 federal budget leaving the United States without any permanent, long-term storage solution. When have we ever let our good mates down?  Surely not now if the Liberal Party and Martin Ferguson have anything to do with it.

The rest of the world sees Australia basically as an empty continent, basking in relative isolation from the troubled regions of the world — a country enjoying the economic rewards from being one of the world’s biggest producers of uranium.  But importers of our Australian uranium would like to see a bit more solidarity here – a show of support!  The lucky lot at the front-end of the cycle such as the major suppliers, Australia and Canada, should, they believe, become partners in other stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, especially the back-end.

Enter the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) (reborn post-President Bush as the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) with essentially the same aims and objectives) and the Liberal Party.

In early 2006, President Bush announced his grand vision for a Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, (GNEP) supposedly to control the spread of nuclear weapons.  The US plan proposed that Australia become a one-stop nuclear shop. Through an international consortium of US, UK and Australia interests, Australia would produce, enrich and lease nuclear fuel and make a considerable fortune on storing the world’s waste. That was the plan on the table when John Howard visited Washington in May 2006 with Dr. John White, then Chairman of the PM’s Uranium Industry Framework.  There has been no change with the renaming of GNEP to the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation.  The one-stop nuclear shop option is still on the agenda.

Upon Howard’s return from Washington in May 2006, we saw him move with great speed to reignite the nuclear debate ostensibly to placate community concern about global warming.  The talk focused on nuclear reactors but the rhetoric about building nuclear power plants was probably phony — simply a softening up process for Howard/Bush’s real ambitions to get involved in the nuclear fuel cycle and its more insidious agenda.

After years working in the environment movement, my antenna went into overdrive when one of the UK’s leading nuclear waste storage and transport specialists, Serco, under the name, Serco Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, bought the Great Southern Railway (same company which runs our detention facilities and whose handling of recent riots is being investigated). I started taking a keen interest especially after Prime Minister Howard extended the railway line from Alice Springs to Darwin in 2003.  The railway line not only runs past Olympic Dam but also near Savory Basin in the Pilbara, once proposed by Pangea as a high level nuclear waste dump back in 2003.  The proposal was defeated after the Australian community found out when a promotional video for investors was leaked to the public.

Australian media silence on Howard’s nuclear plans

I searched in vain for news in the mainstream media.  Eventually, an advisor to the Australian Greens Climate Change Spokesperson, Senator Christine Milne, referred me to two very detailed and disturbing articles in Fairfax’s Australian Financial Review, written by journalist Julie Macken.

The first, on June 7, 2006, was headed:  “John Howard’s grand plan for nuclear energy will involve enrichment and waste disposal in the outback if he follows the lead of US President George Bush”. Further research around the same time, unearthed China’s business newspaper, The Standard, which warned on June 29, 2006, that “Australia is set for nasty debate over plans to use the country as a waste dump”. Pakistan’s Dawn on June 30, asked the same question but said it couldn’t happen without a spirited debate.

So where was the nasty and spirited debate?  How many Australians were aware of Howards plans?  No-one I knew.  Apart from the Australian Financial Review, The Bulletin(November 17, 2006), and The Australian (July 20, 2006), we saw little in the media, although it was patently clear that John Howard was well on his way to developing a nuclear fuel supply industry in Australia which would include leasing, enriching and storing high level nuclear waste.

I tried to contact Julie Macken only to be told that she no longer worked for the Australian Financial Review. In a follow-up article on August 3, 2006, Macken had interviewed Hugh Morgan who had just two months before formed a new company, Australian Nuclear Energy Pty Ltd with fellow Liberal luminaries, Ron Walker and Robert de Crespigny. Ron Walker was Chairman of Fairfax at the time. Emails to other Fairfax journalists got the same response:  that Prime Minister Howard had denied taking nuclear waste from other countries.   Finally, Sophie Black, now editor of independent onliner, Crikey, responded to my emails, investigated and exposed the sham denials of the Liberals on September 6, 2007 in an excellent pieceentitled “Australia:  mine one day;  nuclear dump the next”.

As for the nasty and spirited debate, the mainstream media went missing in action.  Granted, we were never going to get one in the Murdoch press, but Fairfax was a surprise. I speculated on the extent of editorial influence of the chairman, Ron Walker, and his compromised position as Director of a company that stood to do very nicely out of Howard’s nuclear fantasy.  Equally, keeping out of the media could have been a deliberate ploy by Howard.  However, Fairfax now has a new chairman, Roger Corbett, and with the Labor government balanced on a knife-edge just one seat away from a new election, hopefully, the Australian public interest will be better served by the Fairfax press.

Indignant denial as plans come to fruition

There was nothing for it but for a handful of us in the environment movement to leap into the vaccuum vacated by the media. Letters went out to local media and local Liberal members. Fierce denials and claims of conspiracy theories followed. Our truth-seeking missiles had clearly hit home! Bingo! Their indignant protests looked rather hollow since all of them hadunanimously endorsed the following Policy Resolution at the Liberal Party Federal Council in June 2007:

No. 24:

The Federal Council believes that Australia should expand its current nuclear industry to incorporate the entire uranium fuel cycle, the expansion of uranium mining to be combined with nuclear power generation and worldwide nuclear waste storage in the geotechnical stable and remote areas that Australia has to offer.”

Please, reader, have no doubt that Prime Minister Howard saw his nuclear fantasy as one of his greatest coups. It was going to be his legacy whether he survived as PM or not.

All the ducks were lining up for Howard’s big bonanza.  The USA was (and still is) desperate to find a permanent high level nuclear waste dump following the decision not to proceed with the storage site at Yukka Mountain.  The few high level waste dumps are temporary and several have had contamination problems.  If you check the US National Safety Council website link below, you’ll see that the US has no other permanent storage solutions and the interim ones have a life of less than 100 years.

But Howard and his chief nuclear adviser at the time, Dr. John White, were ready to come to the USA’s rescue back in 2006.  Both were involved in the development of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, especially White who developed the Business Plan for GNEP.

Julie Macken’s articles in the Australian Financial Review detailed the plan: Nuclear waste, including plutonium from the weapons industry would be transported to Darwin by submarine.  From there, it would be transferred to Serco Asia Pacific’s Great Southern Railway and transported by train to a supposedly geologically secure destination.  Maralinga or Savoury Basin was the bet.

The extended rail line from Darwin to Adelaide was now in place but further hurdles had to be dealt with.  Massive changes to current legislation at the time would be needed.

The Commonwealth Radioactive Waste Management Bill 2005 and subsequent amendments (2006) were passed in December 2006.  The Bill effectively overrides territory government laws, neutralizes environment and heritage legislation, limits indigenous land rights and transfers powers to the Minister to nominate nuclear waste dump sites.

The ANSTO Bill passed around the same time gave ANSTO the power to transport and manage nuclear waste dumps.  Critically it gave ANSTO the power to accept waste generated outside Australia.

Later legislation removed the last of the obstacles to the plan which included overriding state and territory powers. In overriding the Native Title Act, the Commonwealth Radioactive Waste Management Act prevented traditional owners from appealing against a nuclear waste dump on their land.

Shadow Environment Minister, Peter Garrett’s speech to the House in December 2006 described the bills as a

“sordid and sorry affair”……. “it limits traditional landowner rights, overrides territory government laws and pushes aside Commonwealth environment and heritage legislation at the site selection state…. A deeply disturbing development….  It also allows the Commonwealth to do whatever it likes to establish a nuclear waste dump.  It also allows the Commonwealth to take any action to enable nuclear waste to be transported to the site”.

Howard, John White and the vested interests

Whilst the unfolding of Howard’s great nuclear dream caused barely a blip in the mainstream media, plenty of exciting action was happening in Liberal business circles.  The same vested interests behind Howard/Bush’s inaction on climate change were now rallying behind this potential nuclear bonanza.

When Prime Minister Howard visited Washington in May 2006, he was accompanied by Dr. John White. Both envisaged that their global nuclear waste dump would be managed by the private sector.  Furthermore, the PM’s task force report said that any nuclear enrichment facility would have a very high level entry and would likely be managed by a multinational corporation and that either a UK or US company would be facilitated in that regard.

White was not only the PM’s Chairman of the Federal Government’s Uranium Industry Framework but it was White who developed the Uranium Industry Framework.

White also headed a waste management company, Global Renewables, essentially a nuclear waste company with a nice, eco-friendly sounding name.

But White was an even bigger player in the international nuclear stakes.

Ten years ago, White set up a UK/US/Australian consortium:  the Nuclear Fuel Leasing Group.  He invested $45 million in the company!  White is no lightweight in the nuclear stakes and definitely no fool.  You need more than a nod and a wink from the government to invest $45 million. There are 4 members:  along with White are some of the biggest names in the international nuclear industry:  David Pentz, Chairman of Pangea Resources whose sole aim is to explore the world for suitable nuclear waste dumps; Daniel Poneman, principal of the Scowcroft Group whose background is in energy and security; and Mike Simpson, head of business development projects for British Nuclear Fuels.

Plutonium shipped to Darwin in submarines then by rail

The Nuclear Fuel Leasing Group’s submission to Dr. Switkowsky’s Uranium Mining and Processing and Nuclear Energy Review proposed that Australia produce the fuel rods, lease them to the world and take back the spent rods for storage.  Nuclear waste would be shipped to Darwin by submarines in specially designed caskets which would then be transferred to the Adelaide-to-Darwin railway line.  It was suggested that the proposed dump be in “restricted” areas, either in South Australia or Western Australia but most likely Maralinga. I rang a friend who was Chairman of the Darwin Port Authority at the time.  He was gobsmacked beyond belief at the idea of submarines in Darwin harbour carrying high level waste, not to mention spent plutonium from the weapons industry, until I sent him a copy of White’s submission.

I urge you, dear reader, to employ your wits and not allow your sensibilities to be dazzled by the dollars as others have apparently done.  Consider Dr. White’s plan to bring high level nuclear and plutonium waste by specially designed ship or submarine into the port of Darwin, and then by railway down through central Australia to South Australia (the railway conveniently runs past Maralinga as well as Olympic Dam!).   We would be exposed to terrorist threats over 1,000s of kilometres of railway line, not to mention Darwin harbour smack bang in the middle of that city.

It is also worth reading Julie Macken’s interview inNew Matilda on 15 November 2006 with John Large, whose company, Large & Associates, handled the salvage of the stricken Russian U sub,Kursk.  On storage, he says that when the waste breaks down, it produces hydrogen and

“there is simply no way, over a 100,000 year time scale, to stop the fuel leaking out”.

Our Great Artesian Basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, stretching over a total of 1,711,000 square kilometres over 4 states, including the site of the Roxby Downs, Olympic Dam and Maralinga in South Australia.  What happens when the deadly hydrogen eventually leaks into Australia’s largest underground water reservoir? Large was shocked to hear that Australia wanted to go down this path.

Bush’s Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (now IFNEC) was essentially about controlling the proliferation of nuclear weapons with countries such as Australia and Canada leasing fuel rods and taking back the spent rods.  The idea of leasing fuel rods and taking back the waste was the brainchild of White who persuaded Bush several years ago to adopt this as the Business Plan for the GNEP during its development phase.  In his interview with the Australian Financial Review on 7 June, 2006, White was enthusiastic about the advantages he sees for Australia in Bush’s GNEP:

“Australia wins on the mining, enriching and leasing, but makes a long-term fortune on the storage.”

In an interview in New Matilda with the same journalist, Julie Macken, on 8 November, 2006, White makes his case for taking US spent plutonium from the US weapons program and high level waste from reactors:

“If we agree to do this for America, we will never again have to put young Australians in the line of fire. We will never have to prove our loyalty to the US by sending our soldiers to fight in their wars, because a project like this would settle the question of our loyalty once and for all.”

The link to major Liberal Party donors

Just a month after Howard’s visit to Washington in May 2006, as mentioned earlier, another link in the nuclear industry chain was established:  Australian Nuclear Energy Pty Ltd.  Directors, Hugh Morgan, Ron Walker and Robert de Crespigny, are major donors to the Liberal Party.   The company’s business is nuclear power plants and an international nuclear waste repository.  In his interview with Katharine Murphy, in The Age, on 5 April, 2007, Morgan declared he was in for the long haul and was considering power plants and waste dumps. 

Talking to the Australian Financial Review on August 3, 2006 at a uranium conference in Adelaide in July 2006, he renewed his argument from the early 80’s when WMC examined high-level nuclear waste storage:

“To put together an internationally managed repository would bring great standing in the international community for Australia.”

 

Morgan has promoted the idea of a global nuclear waste dump for Australia in various other media interviews including the ABC’s Jon Faine.

“Sustainable” nuclear development

Bizarrely, in the light of the above, indignant denials from Prime Minister Howard and his Ministers about the radiant future they planned for Australia continued, even after a media release on 28 April 2007 (found on the government’s website but not found in the mainstream media) where words like “sustainable” were a clue to the “cradle to grave” role to be played by Australia:

“In light of the significance of global climate change and as the world’s largest holder of uranium reserves, Australia has a clear responsibility to develop its uranium resources in a sustainable way – irrespective of whether or not we end up using nuclear power.”

 

His intention to bag one of the biggest trade opportunities for Australia as his legacy regardless of his political fate is evidenced by his dogged determination to clear the decks in readiness to act – now or later:

“A key theme of the advice that the Government has received is that Australia should do what it can to expand our uranium exports and to remove unnecessary barriers that are acting as impediments to the efficient operation and growth of the industry”.

“The Government’s next step will be to repeal Commonwealth legislation prohibiting nuclear activities, including the relevant provisions of the “Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.  This will be addressed soon.”

“In light of the significance of global climate change and as the world’s largest holder of uranium reserves, Australia has a clear responsibility to develop its uranium resources in a sustainable way – irrespective of whether or not we end up using nuclear power.”

Mainstream media failure

 

Why didn’t the mainstream media pick up more on this insane and deadly fantasy and get a real debate happening?  Was Howard deliberately using stealth to realize his ambitions? The GNEP plan was a triple jackpot:  massive fortunes would be made on the mining, enriching and storage.  This wasn’t just Big Mining pushing the agenda, it was Big Money for the Liberal Party and its loyal business elite.

The most damning betrayal of our trust was Howard’s failure to make public his government’s intentions to sign the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership. At least The Age was on to it, even if the journalist concerned, Katherine Murphy declared you’d have to “follow national political events with abnormal interest” to know about it.  The piece written on 27 September 2007 was headed “Don’t Mention the ‘N’ Word!” and went on:

“A COUPLE of weeks ago, a senior Australian official you’ve probably never heard of strapped himself into the comfortable end of an aeroplane bound for Vienna. After the long journey, he went along to an important meeting, and acting with the authority of the Commonwealth, signed a document that commits Australia to being a full partner in a global energy grouping you will know about only if you follow national political events with abnormal interest”.

Extraordinary!

Peter Garrett’s advisor spoke to me of Labor’s frustrations in getting its press releases of their concerns into the media.

Australian Greens Senator Christine Milne also told me in a radio interview of the same frustrations she had in getting the media to take up the story.  Her media release condemning the Howard Government’s action for not making its signing of the GNEP public, like most of the Green’s Press Releases, was only reported by the environment movement.

“Would we be horrified”, she asked, in a Friends of the Earth newsletter,“that we were getting in deeper and deeper?”.

Well, I think we know the answer to that.

Howard’s legacy lives on

 

Howard may have gone but the legacy of his nuclear fantasy lives on in the true style of things radioactive.

Abbott likes to describe himself as John Howard and Bronwyn Bishop’s love child. Like all good male children, he has modeled himself on his father figure.  Abbott worships John Howard.  In return, like all good fathers, Howard has provided a once in a lifetime opportunity to set Tony Abbott and the Liberal Party up for life—if Tony seizes his big chance before the other contender, Russia, does.

Surely, it was meant to be?  The Gods are on his side. The polls are a peach. The Greens will have to be destroyed so that the Coalition regains control of the Senate but, hey, the Australian is taking good care of that.  The independents are easily intimidated and will probably succumb to family pressure to retire at the next election.  It’s in the bag! Unlike Howard, Abbott is a regular, kick-arse kind of guy.  He won’t worry about trampling over our democratic sensibilities for the triple whammy: Power, Money and Pat on the Back from Poppa Howard. Question is: Is this the sort of US alliance and deadly legacy we, the people, want?

What are our chances of a debate this time around?  As for Labor, well Bob Hawke came out in support of this idea in 2009.  And what about Martin Ferguson and the other wildcards lurking in the Labor caucus?

Tony Abbott says he will overturn any market mechanism to limit carbon emissions, but still says the Coalition will still meet the emission reduction though direct action. But how?

We know direct action is outlandishly costly, hence the need for a market mechanism.  Paying polluters to close aluminium smelters and inefficient old coal fired power stations will cost the Goevrnment a motza, as will Government directly funding the development of alternative sustainable energy sources.

Is the nuclear dump option, which has never been fully shelved by the Liberals, the secret bullet?

We know that storing nuclear waste will be incredibly lucrative, for all concerned, including the nation (and certain Liberal Party donors).

Tony Abbott must be asked to stop the uncertainty and come clean:

Does the Liberal Party plan to turn Australia into the repository for the world’s most dangerous waste? If not, say so and say it clearly, preferably using “carefully prepared, scripted notes”.